![]() ![]() ![]() Two of the Hokusai prints present bright yellow particles of larger size and lamellar morphology, identified by Raman spectroscopy as natural orpiment. While the pigments in the green and yellow areas are similar throughout the set of prints-Prussian blue, indigo (for the Hokusai prints) and orpiment were identified-optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy highlighted some variations in the orpiment used in the green areas of the prints. Colorants in the yellow and green areas of the four prints were investigated by means of non-invasive and microanalytical techniques such as optical microscopy, fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This study explores the evolution of the manufacturing process of artificial arsenic sulfide pigments in Edo-period Japan through the analysis of three impressions of the same print dated from the 1830s and attributed to Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849), and one from 1852 and attributed to Utagawa Kunisada (1786–1865). ![]()
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